🔊 Nesse vídeo fizemos a instalação do zero do NixOS, sem interface gráfica, e posteriormente configuramos o configuration.nix e instalamos o Xorg e XFCE além de algumas outras dicas.
NixOS é uma distribuição Linux construída sobre o gerenciador de pacotes Nix . Ele usa configuração declarativa e permite atualizações de sistema confiáveis. Duas ramificações principais são oferecidas: versão Stable atual e Unstable seguindo o desenvolvimento mais recente. O NixOS possui ferramentas dedicadas a DevOps e tarefas de implantação.
Assista ao Vídeo
VIDEO
Comandos utilizados no vídeo
PS1
# Pré comandos
sudo loadkeys br-abnt2
export PS1 = " $( echo $PS1 " " | sed 's/^..//g' ) "
# Manual
nixos-help
# Particionamento
parted -l
parted /dev/sda -- mklabel gpt
parted /dev/sda -- mkpart primary 512MiB -2GiB
parted /dev/sda -- mkpart primary linux-swap -2GiB 100%
parted /dev/sda -- mkpart ESP fat32 1MiB 512MiB
parted /dev/sda -- set 3 esp on
# Formatando
mkfs.ext4 -L nixos /dev/sda1
mkswap -L swap /dev/sda2
mkfs.fat -F 32 -n boot /dev/sda3
# Montagem de dispositivos
mount /dev/disk/by-label/nixos /mnt
mkdir -p /mnt/boot
mount /dev/disk/by-label/boot /mnt/boot
swapon /dev/sda2
# Gerar o o arquivo configuration.nix
nixos-generate-config --root /mnt
# Editar o arquivo, veja exemplo do arquivo abaixo
vim /mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix
# Instalar e reiniciar
nixos-install
reboot
# Instalações realizadas
sudo nix-env -iAv nixos.vim
sudo nix-env -iAv nixos.neofetch
Arquivo de configuração configuration.nix
# Edit this configuration file to define what should be installed on
# your system . Help is available in the configuration . nix ( 5 ) man page
# and in the NixOS manual ( accessible by running ‘ nixos - help ’ ).
{ config , pkgs , ... }:
{
imports =
[ # Include the results of the hardware scan .
. / hardware - configuration . nix
];
# Use the systemd - boot EFI boot loader .
boot . loader . systemd - boot . enable = true ;
boot . loader . efi . canTouchEfiVariables = true ;
# networking . hostName = "nixos" ; # Define your hostname .
# networking . wireless . enable = true ; # Enables wireless support via wpa_supplicant .
# Set your time zone .
time . timeZone = "America/Sao_Paulo" ;
# The global useDHCP flag is deprecated , therefore explicitly set to false here .
# Per - interface useDHCP will be mandatory in the future , so this generated config
# replicates the default behaviour .
networking . useDHCP = false ;
networking . interfaces . enp0s3 . useDHCP = true ;
# Configure network proxy if necessary
# networking . proxy . default = "http://user:password@proxy:port/" ;
# networking . proxy . noProxy = "127.0.0.1,localhost,internal.domain" ;
# Select internationalisation properties .
i18n . defaultLocale = "pt_BR.UTF-8" ;
console = {
font = "Lat2-Terminus16" ;
keyMap = "br-abnt2" ;
};
# Enable the X11 windowing system .
services . xserver . enable = true ;
services . xserver . desktopManager . xfce . enable = true ;
services . xserver . displayManager . lightdm . enable = true ;
# Configure keymap in X11
services . xserver . layout = "br" ;
# services . xserver . xkbOptions = "eurosign:e" ;
# Enable CUPS to print documents .
# services . printing . enable = true ;
# Enable sound .
# sound . enable = true ;
hardware . pulseaudio . enable = true ;
# Enable touchpad support ( enabled default in most desktopManager ).
services . xserver . libinput . enable = true ;
# Define a user account . Don 't forget to set a password with ‘passwd’.
users.users.marcos = {
isNormalUser = true;
extraGroups = [ "wheel" ]; # Enable ‘sudo’ for the user.
};
# List packages installed in system profile. To search, run:
# $ nix search wget
environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [
vim # Do not forget to add an editor to edit configuration.nix! The Nano editor is also installed by default.
wget
firefox
];
# Some programs need SUID wrappers, can be configured further or are
# started in user sessions.
# programs.mtr.enable = true;
# programs.gnupg.agent = {
# enable = true;
# enableSSHSupport = true;
# };
# List services that you want to enable:
# Enable the OpenSSH daemon.
# services.openssh.enable = true;
# Open ports in the firewall.
# networking.firewall.allowedTCPPorts = [ ... ];
# networking.firewall.allowedUDPPorts = [ ... ];
# Or disable the firewall altogether.
# networking.firewall.enable = false;
# This value determines the NixOS release from which the default
# settings for stateful data, like file locations and database versions
# on your system were taken. It‘s perfectly fine and recommended to leave
# this value at the release version of the first install of this system.
# Before changing this value read the documentation for this option
# (e.g. man configuration.nix or on https://nixos.org/nixos/options.html).
system.stateVersion = "21.11"; # Did you read the comment?
}
Links Úteis
Instalação:
Manual para instalações de pacotes, exemplo XFCE
Mais informação sobre o NixOS na Wikipédia
Manual de como o gerenciador de pacotes Nix funciona
Wallpaper(Papel de Parede) utilizado no vídeo
programacao
gnulinux
distros
sistemasoperacionais
Marcos Oliveira
Desenvolvedor de software